The effect of pedal crank arm length on joint angle and power production in upright cycle ergometry.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five pedal crank arm lengths (110, 145, 180, 230 and 265 mm) on hip, knee and ankle angles and on the peak, mean and minimum power production of 11 males (26.6+/-3.8 years, 179+/-8 cm, 79.

Effect of a precompetition bodybuilding diet and training regimen on body composition and blood chemistry.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to document the effect of a 10-wk precompetition bodybuilding diet and training, on blood chemistry and body composition.

Participant: One adult male, steroid and drug free, preparing for a first competition.

Measures: Average daily dietary intake consisted of 2263 calories (71% protein, 16% carbohydrate, 13% fats), with a protein intake of 5.

Ritual and free-throw shooting in basketball.

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and effect of certain highly patterned behaviours utilized prior to free-throw shooting in basketball. Ten female basketball players comprising the varsity squad of Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA served as subjects for this study. Subjects were filmed with a high-speed camera and monitored for heart rate during the performance of 10 free throws in each of two conditions: ritual and non-ritual.

Weight control for high school wrestlers.

Anthropometric measurements were obtained from 141 Nebraska State Tournament wrestlers in order to predict their ideal minimum wrestling weight via the Tipton-Tcheng predictim equation. An r of .93 was found between predicted weight and actual weight for 131 of the state tournament qualifiers (excluding heavy-weights).