The rate of structural change: the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ancillary study to the ocular hypertension treatment study.

Purpose: To compare rates of topographic change in ocular hypertensive eyes that develop primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) compared to eyes that do not, and to identify factors that influence the rate of change.

Design: Longitudinal, randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Four hundred forty-one participants (832 eyes) in the Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study were included.

Predicting the onset of glaucoma: the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ancillary study to theOcular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive ability of baseline confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) Glaucoma Probability Score (GPS) for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to compare it with the Moorfields regression analysis (MRA) classification, other topographic optic disc parameters, and stereophotograph-based cup-to-disc ratio.

Design: Longitudinal, randomized clinical trial.

Participants: We included 857 eyes of 438 participants in the CSLO Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) with good quality baseline CSLO images.

MRI retinovascular studies in humans: research in patients with diabetes.

Purpose: To review existing applications of MRI for detecting blood-retinal barrier (BRB) damage and retinal oxygenation response abnormalities in patients with diabetes and highlight new information available from such applications.

Methods: BRB studies were accomplished using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and the retinal oxygenation response studies were accomplished by monitoring changes in the MRI signal associated with hyperoxic provocation. Participants were patients with diabetes and macular edema, with either no detectable or mild to moderate background retinopathy, as well as non-diabetic individuals of similar age (controls).

Role of NADPH oxidase and ANG II in diabetes-induced retinal leukostasis.

We studied whether angiotensin II (ANG II) via superoxide may contribute to retinal leukostasis and thus to the pathogenesis of retinopathies. We studied: 1) whether intravitreal ANG II induces retinal leukostasis that is altered by antioxidants or by apocynin, a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor and 2) whether retinal leukostasis induced by diabetes in rats is also altered by these treatments. Rats were injected intravitreally with ANG II (20 microg in 2 microl), and divided into the following three groups: 1) untreated; 2) treated with tempol doses ( approximately 3 mM/day) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC; approximately 1 g.

A new method for eyelid elevation in glaucoma patients with ptosis during automated perimetry testing.

Purpose: Ptosis is a well-recognized confounding factor when interpreting superior visual field defects. As the current technique for eyelid elevation during automated perimetry is cumbersome and inconsistent, we developed a new technique. To evaluate its efficacy and feasibility, we studied a group of glaucoma patients with ptosis and superior visual field defects that had been attributed to nerve fiber layer defects.