Using Therapeutic Toys to Facilitate Venipuncture Procedure in Preschool Children.

Intravenous access procedures in children are considered to be one of the most stressful because it is invasive, and the use of needles generates anxiety, insecurity, and fear. Playful strategies using dolls and even the materials used for venipuncture can assist children in understanding, accepting, and coping with the procedure. Field research was developed on the applicability of the therapeutic toy in the preparation of preschool children for venipuncture procedure based on the protocol developed by Martins, Ribeiro, Borba, and Silva (2001) and Kiche and Almeida (2009).

Fragile-X syndrome: genetic aspects and stomatologic evaluations.

Aim Of The Work: The fragile-X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation and it is associated with the FMR1 gene on X chromosome. The origin of anatomic anomalies of maxillo-facial complex is still discussed in literature. The authors describe the syndrome and report a clinical case.

Clinical treatment of oral manifestations of Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrome in a child.

Orthodontic treatment in a young patient with Beckwith-Wiedeman Syndrome (BWS) is reported and a multidisciplinary approach to the management of this syndrome is reviewed. The patient presented with a tendency to Class III malocclusion, an open-bite and a slight macroglossia, which was treated at an early age by glossotomy. It was decided to monitor growth without treatment and to wait for the best time to begin therapy.

Supernumerary teeth diagnosis and treatment approach. Six case reports.

Supernumerary teeth are relatively common in the general population, affecting the primary and the permanent dentition and have been reported in many genetic syndromes. They are classified according to form and shape. Seven different examples of hyperodontia are presented to highlight the numerical and morphological variation in dental abnormalities manifestations, empathising the importance of thorough clinical and radiological examination and of a correct therapeutic approach.