Local therapy in glioma: An evolving paradigm from history to horizons (Review).

Despite the implementation of multimodal treatments after surgery, glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, posing a significant challenge in neuro-oncology. In this clinical setting, local therapy (LT), a developing paradigm, has received significant interest over time due to its potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapy options for GBM. The present review aimed to trace the historical development, highlight contemporary advances and provide insights into the future horizons of LT in GBM management.

Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): potential, mechanisms of resistance, and strategies for reinvigorating T cell responsiveness when resistance is acquired.

Cancer is still the leading cause of death globally. The approval of the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint molecules, notably those that target the proteins PD-1 and PD-L1, has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. In particular, first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drugs are increasingly common for the treatment of metastatic cancer, significantly prolonging patient survival.

Safety profile of treatment with greenlight versus Thulium Laser for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective: The major strengths of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with laser are reduced morbidity compared to endoscopic resection. No studies analysed the different risk of intra/peri-operative events between patients undergoing Thulium and GreenLight procedures.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive cases undergoing GreenLight vaporization and Thulium procedures performed during the learning curve of two expert endoscopic surgeons.

Congenital cysts of the lower male genitourinary tract: a disorder with various treatment approaches and pitfalls-case report.

Background: The cysts of the male pelvic floor represent a rare clinical entity. Their origin is linked to an altered development of paramesonephric and mesonephric ducts during embryogenesis.

Case Presentation: We report our experience regarding two patients presenting cysts of the ejaculatory system treated with open and mini-invasive surgery.

Exome sequencing of glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells reveals rare clinically relevant frameshift deletion in MLLT1 gene.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a heterogeneous CNS neoplasm which causes significant morbidity and mortality. One reason for the poor prognostic outcome of GBM is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) which confer resistance against standard chemo- and radiotherapeutics modalities. Two types of GBM-associated CSC were isolated from the same patient: tumor core- (c-CSC) and peritumor tissue-derived cancer stem cells (p-CSC).