Robert Gross MD and the Birth of Pediatric Heart Surgery.

Robert Gross performed the first repair of a patent ductus arteriosus in 1938. His life and career were dedicated to the advancement of vascular, cardiac, pediatric surgery, and the unrelenting care of his patients.

Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review.

After the success of novel angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer treatment, angiogenesis promotors for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease became the target of significant research. Promising results in animal models led to numerous randomized control trials that failed to translate into meaningful clinical results. The goal of this review is to describe the history of investigation into therapeutic angiogenesis for cardiovascular disease and discuss the lessons learned and future directions.

Marijuana and Vascular Disease: A Review.

Marijuana use is common and increasing due to decriminalization, legalization, and expansion of medical use. As a result, the proportion of vascular patients with marijuana is also expected to increase, raising questions if cannabis use affects the incidence and outcomes of vascular disease. Active ingredients of cannabis have been shown to interact with receptors found on vascular endothelium, promoting oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.

Continuation Rates of the Etonogestrel Implant and Factors Associated With Early Discontinuation.

Background: The etonogestrel implant is generally considered an effective, three-year, long-acting reversible contraceptive device. Previous research, such as the landmark CHOICE study, has reported a one-year continuation rate of 72% to 84%, however, in a real-world setting these rates may be significantly lower.

Objective: To study etonogestrel implant continuation rates and factors associated with early discontinuation in a specific clinical setting.