The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor HCA2 is required for the protective effect of ketogenic diet in epilepsy.

One third of epilepsy patients are resistant to treatment with current anti-seizure medications. The ketogenic diet is used to treat some forms of refractory epilepsy, but the mechanism of its action has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), a known immunomodulatory receptor, plays a role in mediating the protective effect of this diet.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of peri-orbital necrotising fasciitis caused by group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS): a case report.

Background: Necrotising fasciitis is a devastating infection characterised by rapidly progressing necrotising infection of the superficial fascia with secondary necrosis of the overlying skin.

Aims: To describe the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and outcome in a rare case of periorbital necrotising fasciitis caused by group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus.

Methods: A 60-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes presented with pyrexia and bilateral peri-orbital swelling, progressing to left periorbital necrotising fasciitis.

Combined Oxygen-Enhanced MRI and Perfusion Imaging Detect Hypoxia Modification from Banoxantrone and Atovaquone and Track Their Differential Mechanisms of Action.

Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise for quantifying and spatially mapping tumor hypoxia, either alone or in combination with perfusion imaging. Previous studies have validated the technique in mouse models and in patients with cancer. Here, we report the first evidence that OE-MRI can track change in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed to modify hypoxia.

Deep learning-assisted interactive contouring of lung cancer: Impact on contouring time and consistency.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a deep learning (DL)-assisted interactive contouring tool on inter-observer variability and the time taken to complete tumour contouring.

Materials And Methods: Nine clinicians contoured the gross tumour volume (GTV) using the PET-CT scans of 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, either using DL-assisted or manual contouring tools. After contouring a case using one contouring method, the same case was contoured one week later using the other method.