A Technique for Severe Lower Eyelid Retraction: The Fascia Lata Sling with Lateral Burr Hole.

Background: Lower eyelid retraction is a common and feared complication of both disease processes and aesthetic and cosmetic surgical procedures. A four-finger approach has been previously described to determine adequate treatment of lid retraction. In the authors' experience, they have found that even the most aggressive treatment approach-subperiosteal cheek lift with canthopexy and interpositional graft-is inadequate to address severe lower lid retraction.

Surface salt bridges contribute to the extreme thermal stability of an FN3-like domain from a thermophilic bacterium.

This study uses differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural basis for the high thermal stability (melting temperature 97.5°C) of a FN3-like protein domain from thermophilic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (FN3tt). FN3tt adopts a typical FN3 fold with a three-stranded beta sheet packing against a four-stranded beta sheet.

Spatial reorientation with a geometric array of auditory cues.

A visuocentric bias has dominated the literature on spatial navigation and reorientation. Studies on visually accessed environments indicate that, during reorientation, human and non-human animals encode the geometric shape of the environment, even if this information is unnecessary and insufficient for the task. In an attempt to extend our limited knowledge on the similarities and differences between visual and non-visual navigation, here we examined whether the same phenomenon would be observed during auditory-guided reorientation.

Managing a long-recurring primary orbital hemangiopericytoma.

Hemangiopericytomas are uncommon vascular neoplasms that originate from the pericytes lining capillaries and postcapillary venules. Few cases of primary orbital hemangiopericytoma have been reported. We present a 61-year-old woman with longstanding, recurrent benign orbital hemangiopericytoma and results of its successful removal.

Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics.

Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure-function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties.