Study protocol for an investigation of the effectiveness of the pain toolkit for people with low back pain: double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The Pain Toolkit is a self-management tool for people with persistent pain. It is available for use worldwide in multiple formats. To date, no studies have investigated the effectiveness of this intervention.

Energy of the quasi-free electron in CO and HD: Probing intermolecular potentials within the local Wigner-Seitz model.

We present the quasi-free electron energy () in the weakly polar fluids CO and HD from gas to liquid densities , on noncritical isotherms, and at a temperature near the critical isotherm. These results represent the first systematic investigation of () in polar fluids across a broad density range and illustrate that field enhanced photoemission can be used to obtain data in such systems. We show that the local Wigner-Seitz model for (), when coupled with thermodynamic data for the fluids, can yield optimized intermolecular potential parameters, as well as the magnitude of the zero kinetic energy electron scattering length.

Energy of the quasi-free electron in H2, D2, and O2: Probing intermolecular potentials within the local Wigner-Seitz model.

We present for the first time the quasi-free electron energy V0(ρ) for H2, D2, and O2 from gas to liquid densities, on noncritical isotherms and on a near critical isotherm in each fluid. These data illustrate the ability of field enhanced photoemission (FEP) to determine V0(ρ) accurately in strongly absorbing fluids (e.g.