Hierarchical Neurocognitive Model of Externalizing and Internalizing Comorbidity.

Mounting evidence suggests hierarchical psychopathology factors underlying psychiatric comorbidity. However, the exact neurobiological characterizations of these multilevel factors remain elusive. In this study, leveraging the brain-behavior predictive framework with a 10-year longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort (IMAGEN, ages 14, 19 and 23,  = 1,750), we constructed two neural factors underlying externalizing and internalizing symptoms, which were reproducible across six clinical and population-based datasets (ABCD, STRATIFY/ ESTRA, ABIDE II, ADHD-200 and XiNan, from age 10 to age 36,  = 3,765).

Structural brain correlates of externalizing traits and symptoms in the IMAGEN sample.

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g.

Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study.

Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.

Characterisation of spp. from Parsnip and Other Hosts.

Parsnips () are a speciality UK crop with an economic value of at least 31M GBP annually. Currently, the major constraints to production are losses associated with root canker disease due to a range of fungal pathogens, among which is of most concern to growers. With limited research conducted on this species, this work aimed to provide a much-needed characterisation of isolates from across the UK, continental Europe, and New Zealand.

Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia is related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow.

PET and SPECT studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have revealed significant alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment, which may vary according to the clinical response. Here, we used the more recent MRI approach of arterial spin labelling (ASL) to evaluate regional CBF in participants with TRS (N = 36) before starting treatment with clozapine compared to in healthy volunteers (N = 16). We then compared CBF in the TRS group, before and after 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine (N = 24); and examined the relationship of those differences against changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) scores over the treatment period.