Smart and Age-Friendly Cities in Russia: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes, Perceptions, Quality of Life and Health Information Needs.

In Russia, initiatives for healthy ageing have been growing over the last two decades; however, none use an evidence-based (EB) approach. It is proposed that Kazan, a city with a population of over a million in the European part of Russia, has good chances of moving towards age-friendliness and contributing to raising awareness about healthy ageing through Cochrane evidence. One of the eight essential features of age-friendly cities by the World Health Organisation (WHO) directly points to health services.

Improved field scanner incorporating parabolic optics. Part 2: Experimental verification and potential for volume scanning.

We investigated the experimental performance of an afocal scan engine employing two off-axis parabolic reflectors and it was found not to introduce astigmatism when compared to a freely propagated beam. The performance of the new afocal engine is very similar to an ideal single-mirror scan engine in terms of spot size and beam spot profile (or point spread function) and has an improved flatness of field over other two-dimensional laser scan engines. The parabolic scan engine is contrasted with a comparable spherical mirror arrangement and found to produce superior performance at the intermediate image plane when focused through a scan lens.

Calculated two-photon fluorescence correction factors for reflective scan engines.

Excitation laser spatial and temporal characteristics at the objective focal point are critical to the performance of two-photon scanning microscopes. Optical aberrations in scanning systems increase the microscope objective focal spot area and introduce pulse time broadening in the deflected beam, resulting in degradation of two-photon-induced fluorescence across the scan field. The geometrical pulse broadening is investigated for what is believed to be the first time and then combined with a focused spot area to provide a normalized two-photon fluorescence intensity correction factor.

Improved field scanner incorporating parabolic optics. Part 1: simulation.

An unobstructed afocal scanning system design employing two off-axis parabolic reflectors as relay optics between two flat scan mirrors is proposed and investigated using OSLO optical software. It is found that, with a symmetric arrangement of the parabolic reflectors and appropriate selection of the first scan mirror rotational axis, the system provides linear scan lines at the image surface and excellent point spread function results in all scan positions. The design is functionally equivalent to a single-mirror scan engine and superior in every metric to a comparable dimension spherical mirror arrangement.