Influence of ethanol on the pharmacokinetic properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid.

Oral fluid (OF) tests aid in identifying drivers under the influence of drugs. In this study, 17 heavy cannabis users consumed alcohol to achieve steady blood alcohol concentrations of 0 to 0.7 g/L and smoked cannabis 3 h afterward.

A placebo-controlled study to assess Standardized Field Sobriety Tests performance during alcohol and cannabis intoxication in heavy cannabis users and accuracy of point of collection testing devices for detecting THC in oral fluid.

Rationale: Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFST) and oral fluid devices are used to screen for driving impairment and roadside drug detection, respectively. SFST have been validated for alcohol, but their sensitivity to impairment induced by other drugs is relatively unknown. The sensitivity and specificity for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) of most oral fluid devices have been low.

Neurophysiological functioning of occasional and heavy cannabis users during THC intoxication.

Rationale: Experienced cannabis users demonstrate tolerance to some of the impairing acute effects of cannabis.

Objectives: The present study investigates whether event-related potentials (ERPs) differ between occasional and heavy cannabis users after acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration, as a result of tolerance.

Methods: Twelve occasional and 12 heavy cannabis users participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

MDMA (ecstasy) effects on actual driving performance before and after sleep deprivation, as function of dose and concentration in blood and oral fluid.

Rationale: Experimental research has shown that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) can improve some psychomotor driving skills when administered during the day. In real life, however, MDMA is taken during the night, and driving may likely occur early in the morning after a night of "raving" and sleep loss.

Objectives: The present study assessed the effects of MDMA on road-tracking and car-following performance in on-the-road driving tests in normal traffic.