An improved system approach towards future cochlear implants.

Cochlear implants (CIs) have been used for many years to restore hearing for deaf patients. Unfortunately, today's CIs are still bulky devices and uncomfortable to wear. In this paper we present three innovations that ultimately should pave the way to a fully implantable bionic ear.

Career advancement of men and women in academic radiology: is the playing field level?

Rationale And Objectives: The authors' purposes were to determine if there are gender differences in the speed of promotion and/or academic productivity in academic radiology and if this situation had changed since a previous study was performed in 1987.

Materials And Methods: Surveys were distributed to faculty members of academic radiology departments in May 1997. A total of 707 surveys were analyzed according to gender for time at rank for assistant and associate professor levels, in relation to publication rate, grant funding rate, and distribution of professional time.

The road to success: factors affecting the speed of promotion of academic radiologists.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors' purpose was to determine the factors influencing the speed of promotion of academic radiologists.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred forty-three surveys from faculty members of academic radiology departments with continuous academic careers were analyzed for time in rank at assistant and associate professor levels in relation to publication rate, grant funding rate, and distribution of professional time. Individuals promoted faster than the median time (6 years for assistant professors, 5 years for associate professors) were considered "fast track" and were compared with the remainder of the group.