Reproductive outcomes of women with recurrent pregnancy losses and repeated implantation failures are significantly improved with immunomodulatory treatment.

This study investigated if immunomodulatory treatment improves the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates of women with two or more recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and repeated implantation failures (RIF) with cellular immune abnormalities and thrombophilia. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 197 RPL patients who received immunomodulatory and anticoagulation treatment undergoing IVF cycles (fresh or frozen embryo transfer). Patients were divided into four groups; Group 1: women with RPL but without RIF, Group 2: women with RPL and RIF (≥3), Group 3: women with RPL after IVF cycles (>2) and without RIF, and Group 4: women with RPL after IVF cycles and RIF.

Decreased HLA-C1 alleles in couples of KIR2DL2 positive women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and HLA ligands in couples invoke a susceptibility to RPL. However, the relationship between KIR2DL2 and its cognate ligand HLA-C1 has not been explored. In this prospective cohort study, 160 Caucasian women with RPL and 99 partners were included.

PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on T-cell subsets in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses.

Problem: Does programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on the T-cell subsets such as T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and Treg cells differentiate women with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) from normal fertile women?

Method Of Study: The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Forty-five women with two or more RPL of unknown etiology and twenty fertile women who had at least one or more live-born infants were enrolled prospectively from Jan 2017 to Jul 2019. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on T-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometric analysis.

Genetic Aspects of Glial Cells Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) are structures which are found in large numbers throughout the nervous system, fulfilling multiple functions, such as regulating the synapses, providing structure, support and nutrition, contributing towards the immune response and tissue oxygenation. Knowledge regarding glial cells has increased during the last few years, since Virchow defined them as supporting connective tissue, followed by Ramón y Cajal who described them as tissue in themselves, until today when a first order physiological role has been recognised for them and a leading role in the appearance and progression of various pathological processes, primarily in the group of Neurodegenerative Diseases (ND). The ND represents a group of pathologies which gradually cause the degeneration of nervous tissue, have a broad spectrum regarding their appearance and, in some cases, are the direct consequence of genetic alterations leading to physiological changes in the nervous system.