Bacteria Invade the Brain Following Sterile Intracortical Microelectrode Implantation.

Brain-machine interface performance is largely affected by the neuroinflammatory responses resulting in large part from blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Recent findings strongly suggest that certain gut bacterial constituents penetrate the BBB and are resident in various brain regions of rodents and humans, both in health and disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that damage to the BBB caused by microelectrode implantation could amplify dysregulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis.

Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity.

Introduction: A rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small molecules generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself.

Objective: Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small molecules that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS.

Changes in the Serum Metabolome of Patients Treated With Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.

Background: The gut microbiome (GMB) generates numerous small chemicals that can be absorbed by the host and variously biotransformed, incorporated, or excreted. The resulting metabolome can provide information about the state of the GMB, of the host, and of their relationship. Exploiting this information in the service of biomarker development is contingent on knowing the GMB-sensitivity of the individual chemicals comprising the metabolome.

Urinary Metabolites of Green Tea as Potential Markers of Colonization Resistance to Pathogenic Gut Bacteria in Mice.

Background: The gut microbiome (GMB) generates numerous chemicals that are absorbed systemically and excreted in urine. Antibiotics can disrupt the GMB ecosystem and weaken its resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens such as . If the changes in GMB composition and metabolism are sufficiently large, they can be reflected in the urinary metabo-lome.