Blood on board: The development of a prehospital blood transfusion program in a Canadian helicopter emergency medical service.

Objective: Prehospital blood transfusion has been adopted by many civilian helicopter emergency medical services agencies, and early outcomes are positive. The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society operates six bases in Western Canada and started a blood on board process in 2013 in Regina that has expanded to all bases. Two units of O negative packed red blood cells are carried on every mission.

1998 William J. Stickel Gold Award. The effects of extrinsic muscle forces on the forefoot-to-rearfoot loading relationship in vitro. Tibia and Achilles tendon.

The effects of muscular activity on the distribution of forces under the foot, as well as within the foot, are of great importance for determining the mechanisms of foot pathologies. Limited data exist concerning muscle forces during the gait cycle and the effects of muscle forces conveyed to the ground-reactive forces of the foot. The authors developed a cadaveric loading system to determine the effects of force applied to the Achilles tendon on the forefoot-to-rearfoot loading relationship in eight cadaveric specimens.