Protection against UV-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses by sunscreens in humans.

Both in vivo skin immune responses and the skin's reaction to sun exposure integrate a complex interplay of biologic responses. The complexity and multiplicity of events that occur in the skin during an immune response make it a sensitive indication of both UVB and UVA-induced changes in the skin by sun damage, as well as those changes that are prevented by various sunscreens. Sunscreens are the most effective and widely available intervention for sun damage, other than sun avoidance or clothing.

Dose response for UV-induced immune suppression in people of color: differences based on erythemal reactivity rather than skin pigmentation.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to suppress immune responses in human subjects. The purpose of this study was to develop dose responses across a broad range of skin pigmentation in order to facilitate risk assessment. UVR was administered using FS 20 bulbs.

No evidence for linkage between leprosy susceptibility and the human natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene in French Polynesia.

In order to determine whether a human homolog (NRAMP1) to a murine candidate gene for resistance to mycobacteria influences susceptibility to human disease, we analyzed data from seven multicase leprosy families (84 individuals) from French Polynesia for linkage markers within the NRAMP1 gene and leprosy per se. Individual family members were typed at nine polymorphic loci within NRAMP1. In addition, three physically linked, polymorphic microsatellite markers-D2S104, D2S173 and D2S1471-were also typed.

UVA II exposure of human skin results in decreased immunization capacity, increased induction of tolerance and a unique pattern of epidermal antigen-presenting cell alteration.

The risks incurred from increased exposure to UVA II (320-340 nm) (i.e. during sunscreen use and extended outdoor exposure, tanning parlors) are not well understood.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta and immunoglobulin (GM and KM) polymorphisms in leprosy. A linkage study.

In order to determine the genetic components of susceptibility to leprosy in 6 multiplex French Polynesian families, linkage analysis was carried out between a putative disease gene and 6 polymorphic loci: G1M, G2M, KM, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha (1, 2) and TNF-alpha (A, G) using the lod score method. The three modes of inheritance, assuming a full penetrance value or reduced penetrance values (80 and 40%) for the susceptible allele, as well as with affected ones only, were tested. The results of this study provide no evidence for linkage between leprosy and the markers tested.