Linsitinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of both IGF-1R and TSH-R expressing cells.

Background: The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) are expressed on orbital cells and thyrocytes. These receptors are targeted in autoimmune-induced thyroid eye disease (TED). Effective therapeutic treatment of TED inhibits activation of the IGF-1R/TSH-R complex.

A novel bioassay for thyroid-blocking immunoglobulins.

Background: Thyroid-blocking immunoglobulins (TBI) are present in 10%-15% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). TBI affect thyroid function. The analytical performance of a novel TBI bioassay was evaluated.

Androgens contribute to sex bias of autoimmunity in mice by T cell-intrinsic regulation of Ptpn22 phosphatase expression.

Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a strong female bias. Although sex hormones have been associated with protecting males from autoimmunity, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that androgen receptor (AR) expressed in T cells regulates genes involved in T cell activation directly, or indirectly via controlling other transcription factors.

US-based, Prospective, Blinded Study of Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Context: Bioassays provide information on the functionality of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) and thus may offer more clinical utility than binding assays.

Objective: In this prospective, blinded, US-based study, the clinical performance of several TSH-R-Ab assays was compared.

Setting: US endocrinology clinic.

Long-Term Efficacy of Teprotumumab in Thyroid Eye Disease: Follow-Up Outcomes in Three Clinical Trials.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune process characterized by extraocular muscle and orbital fat remodeling/expansion resulting in swelling, pain, redness, proptosis, and diplopia. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibitor, demonstrated improvements in TED signs and symptoms in three adequately powered clinical trials of 24 weeks duration. Here we analyze the long-term maintenance of responses with teprotumumab from these trials.