Integrating IL-12 mRNA nanotechnology with SBRT eliminates T cell exhaustion in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer.

Pronounced T cell exhaustion characterizes immunosuppressive tumors, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) employing multiple mechanisms to elicit this suppression. Traditional immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, often fail due to their focus primarily on T cells. To overcome this, we utilized a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-12, that re-wires the immunosuppressive TME by inducing T cell effector function while also repolarizing immunosuppressive myeloid cells.

Interlaboratory comparison of endotoxin contamination assessment of nanomaterials.

Endotoxin contamination is a significant hurdle to the translation of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Multiple reports now describe that more than one-third of nanomaterials fail early pre-clinical assessment due to levels of endotoxin above regulatory requirements. Additionally, most immunological studies or studies testing nanomaterials in the literature lack inclusion of this assessment, which may lead to false-positive or false-negative results if high levels of the contaminant are present.

The transcription factor Traffic jam orchestrates the somatic piRNA pathway in ovaries.

Unlabelled: Transposable elements (TEs) pose a threat to genome integrity, and the piRNA pathway in animal gonads plays a crucial role in silencing TE activity. While the transcriptional regulation of the piRNA pathway components in germ cells has been documented in mice and flies, the mechanisms orchestrating the transcriptional program of the somatic piRNA pathway in ovaries remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that Traffic jam (Tj), an orthologue of a large Maf transcription factor in mammals, is a master regulator of the piRNA pathway in ovarian somatic cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining TE silencing and genomic integrity in somatic tissues.

FlaHMM: unistrand -like piRNA cluster prediction in species using hidden Markov models.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are essential for transposon control in animal gonads. In ovarian somatic cells, piRNAs are transcribed from large genomic regions called piRNA clusters, which are enriched for transposon fragments and act as a memory of past invasions. Despite being widely present across species, somatic piRNA clusters are difficult to identify and study due to their lack of sequence conservation and limited synteny.

Inflammation related to inhalation of nano and micron sized iron oxides: a systematic review.

Inhalation exposure to iron oxide occurs in many workplaces and respirable aerosols occur during thermal processes (e.g. welding, casting) or during abrasion of iron and steel products (e.