Successful injection of the acromioclavicular joint with use of ultrasound: anatomy, technique, and follow-up.

Background: Injection into the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is often inaccurate (approximately 50%) even in experienced hands. In light of new anatomic observations, we evaluate accuracy of an innovative ultrasound-guided method and follow the clinical course of successful therapeutic injections.

Method: Relevant anatomy was investigated in 200 three-dimensional computed tomography scans, 100 magnetic resonance images, and 14 cadavers.

The three-dimensional anatomy of proximal humeral fractures.

Hypothesis: Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstructions have the potential to convey the anatomy of proximal humeral fractures more realistically than do standard 2D images.

Material And Methods: Proximal humeral fractures in 248 adult patients were examined prospectively using 3D CT reconstructions. To our knowledge, this represents the largest reported series of such fractures examined by this method.

Natural history of complex fractures of the proximal humerus using a three-dimensional classification system.

We studied the nonoperative treatment of proximal humeral fractures in severe injuries usually treated surgically. The natural history of 63 patients was followed prospectively for 2 to 9 years (mean, 42 months) with a nonrandomized protocol. A 3-dimensional classification system based on computed tomography scans was used to categorize the fractures.

CASE REPORTS: unusual lateral clavicle fracture dislocation: case reports and museum specimens.

We present two clinical cases and four museum specimens of a type of lateral clavicle fracture dislocation that has not been detailed in any of the commonly accepted classification systems. With this injury, the major clavicular element is displaced downward and backward into the supraspinatus outlet and may cause symptomatic impingement. A method for surgical correction is described.