Erythema migrans: a chronicle.

Arvid Afzelius first described and named erythema migrans (EM), a clinical entity that he assumed to be caused by an agent transmitted by the bite of a tick (Ixodes reduvius). Certain neurologic, cutaneous, and other syndromes observed in Europe were recognized in the 1920s and 1930s to be disabling sequelae of EM. In the 1940s and 1950s the effectiveness of penicillin as therapy for EM was demonstrated.

Seasonal variation of transmission risk of Lyme disease and human babesiosis.

The seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal Ixodes dammini infected with Babesia microti or Borrelia burgdorferi was determined on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, during 1985. The peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal I. dammini occurred in May and June.

Inoculation of guinea pigs with varicella-zoster virus via the respiratory route.

Guinea pigs were inoculated by the respiratory route with wild-type (Cyr) or vaccine (Oka) strain varicella zoster virus (VZV). Wild-type cell-free virus obtained by sonication produced neutralizing antibody responses in steroid-treated animals when given via the intratracheal route, and induced neutralizing antibody as well as a pneumonitis in normal animals when given via the intrabronchial (i.b.

Alterations in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K-12 after transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes from Shigella flexneri.

A 140-megadalton plasmid (pWR110), which has previously been associated with virulence in Shigella flexneri, was transferred to Escherichia coli K-12. Segments of S. flexneri chromosomal material were then transferred to the plamid-bearing K-12 strains.