Fundamental constraints on vertebrate life history are shaped by aquatic-terrestrial transitions and reproductive mode.

Vertebrate life histories evolve in response to selection imposed by abiotic and biotic environmental conditions while being limited by genetic, developmental, physiological, demographic and phylogenetic processes that constrain adaptation. Despite the well-recognized shifts in selective pressures accompanying transitions among environments, the conditions driving innovation and the consequences for life-history evolution remain outstanding questions. Here we compare the traits of vertebrates that occupy aquatic or terrestrial environments as juveniles to infer shifts in evolutionary constraints that explain differences in their life-history traits and thus their fundamental demographic rates.

Curiosity and reward after unsuccessful memory recall.

Curiosity is a motivational state characterized by the desire to obtain knowledge. Prior research suggests that metacognitive experiences during unsuccessful memory recall may induce curiosity. Specifically, feeling-of-knowing (FOK) experiences have been associated with increased subsequent information-seeking behaviour for inaccessible information.

Case report of rare presentation of schistosomiasis: delayed diagnosis of genitourinary schistosomiasis in an adolescent.

Schistosomiasis is a tropical infection endemic to developing nations that can result in chronic liver damage, renal failure, infertility, and bladder cancer. Genitourinary localization is marked by dysuria, visible hematuria, and urinary obstruction. We present the case of a 17-year-old male adolescent from a rural area of Central Africa, who arrived in Italy two years prior, exhibiting hematuria and urinary symptoms.

The mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex: endpoint for carbohydrate carbon disposal.

The lactate shuttle concept has revolutionized our understanding and study of metabolism in physiology, biochemistry, intermediary metabolism, nutrition, and medicine. Seminal findings of the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex (mLOC) elucidated the architectural structure of its components. Here, we report that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (mPC) is an additional member of the mLOC in mouse muscle and C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes.

"I didn't go into medicine just to be on the phone": Emotional Expression as Sacrosanct During Derious Illness Patient-Physician Advanced Cancer Care Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Guided by communication accommodation theory, we studied 27 physician reports of patient-physician advanced cancer communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advanced cancer communication requires recognizing patients' psychosocial states and collaboratively engaging patients empathetically to develop the shared understanding necessary to guide decision-making. However, physicians found their communication underaccommodated, stemming from personal protection equipment, social distancing, and telemedicine.