Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion-Botulinum Toxin Combined Treatment Efficacy in the Management of Spasticity due to Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent, but not unchanging, disorders of movement and/or posture and motor function, which are due to a non-progressive interference, lesion, or abnormality of the developing/immature brain. One clinical presentation is muscle spasticity, which leads to a significant impact on the individual's functionality and quality of life. Spasticity treatment is multidisciplinary and includes pharmacological and physical intervention; intrathecal baclofen shows a positive effect in severe spasticity and suboptimal response to oral drugs, while local injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) improves muscle tone, motion and pain.

Clinical Onset of Action of Incobotulinum Toxin A Preparation.

Background: Many studies in vitro compared the onset of action, maximum efficacy, and duration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations.

Objective: In this study, we analyzed the onset of action of BoNT/A preparation free of complexing proteins in patients with upper limb spasticity post stroke up to 30 days after treatment.

Methods: 75 patients affected by Biceps Brachii spasticity were enrolled.

Electronic Method (Pro-Kin) for Improving and Speeding Up the Recovery After Ankle Sprain.

Background And Objective: Ankle sprains, very common injuries occurred especially during sports activities, are mainly caused by indirect trauma, which influences exaggerated stress exceeding the strength of stabilization mechanisms. Up to 85% of such injuries result from a sudden flexion and inversion of the foot. In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of the platform Pro-kin, an innovative system that has given us the possibility to combine the functionality of the older proprioceptive boards with very accurate software in order to improve and accelerate the recovery after ankle injuries.

Electrophysiological and Clinical Improvement in Non-Invasive Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background And Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of nerve entrapment. Clinically, various signs and symptoms compare due to overexposure to mechanical vibrations transmitted to the wrist bones and cartilage, resulting in compression of the sensory and motor nerve fibers of the median nerve. Early symptoms include nocturnal paresthesia and electromyography reveals reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity.

Botulinum Toxin Type A and Physiotherapy in Spasticity of the Lower Limbs Due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease (unknown pathogenesis) of the central nervous system that causes death within 1-5 years. Clinically, flabby paralysis, areflexia, muscular atrophy, and muscle fasciculations, signs of II motor neuron damage, appear. Sometimes, clinical manifestations of damage of the I motor neuron come out in lower limbs; spastic paralysis, iperflexia, and clonus emerge, and they impair deambulation and management of activities of daily living, such as personal hygiene or dressing.