Cytological analysis of choledochal mucosa in acute cholangitis in patients with mechanical jaundice.

Changes in bile ducts in cholestasis are characterized by activation of proliferation and hypertrophy of cholangiocytes and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in ductal epithelium. Long-term cholestasis led to massive necrosis of cholangiocytes. Inflammatory changes in the choledochal mucosa were most pronounced in patients with choledocholithiasis.

[Sanative postoperative laparoscopy using rapid bacteriological methods in comprehensive treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis].

In treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis the authors have been using postoperative sanative laparoscopy which proved to provide a means not only for rapid evaluating the dynamics of peritonitis course, but also for carrying out a series of therapeutic manipulations aimed at proper management of infections and inflammatory complications. Sanative laparoscopy was accompanied by taking samples of peritoneal exudate to study sensitivity of microflora to antibiotics and antiseptic substances, ensuring rational antibacterial treatment of peritonitis. This therapeutic method was used in 38 patients who underwent 60 examinations.

Strategy for population protection and area rehabilitation in Russia in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident.

The report presents the history of the development of criteria for radiation and social protection of the Russian population residing in the areas contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident, in the remote time periods after the accident. The tendencies for reduction of standards with time are shown, and their causes are analysed. It is noted that the optimization principle was not applied in the explicit form for population protection.

[Methods of laparoscopy for patients in the early postoperative period].

The article describes in detail a method for laparoscopy in patients in the early periods after surgical intervention on the abdominal organs. Definite indications for endoscopic intraoperative laparostomy are pointed out, a bushing specially designed by the authors is described, and the terms and indications for dynamic visual examinations of the abdominal cavity are determined. The suggested method does not cause harm to the patient and allows early postoperative complications to be recognized in good time and the course of the inflammatory-reparative process in the zone of the operation to be appraised visually.