Complementary approaches to dissect late leaf rust resistance in an interspecific raspberry population.

Over the last 10 years, global raspberry production has increased by 47.89%, based mainly on the red raspberry species (Rubus idaeus). However, the black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), although less consumed, is resistant to one of the most important diseases for the crop, the late leaf rust caused by Acculeastrum americanum fungus.

The relationship between physician behaviors and blood gas values in the first hours of life--implications for "standards" of medical care for infants with respiratory distress.

It is standard practice for physicians to use blood gas (BG) evaluations when evaluating neonates with respiratory distress. In this study we addressed two questions: (1) What is the distribution of BG values in a population of infants receiving BG evaluation in the first 4 hours of life; and (2) How does the behavior of physicians correlate with BG values in these infants? We discuss the implications of our findings for claims about "standards" of medical care for newborn infants with respiratory distress. We reviewed medical records for 226 infants with birthweight > 2000 grams who were not intubated at the time of first BG determination.