Application of MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could aid the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) owing to its affordability and high-throughput capacity. MALDI-TOF MS has been proposed for use on commonly available respiratory samples, without specialized sample preparation, making this technology especially attractive for implementation in low-resource regions. Here, we assessed the utility of MALDI-TOF MS in differentiating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vs non-COVID acute respiratory infections (NCARIs) in a clinical lab setting in Kazakhstan.

In vitro and in vivo toxicity of thiolated and PEGylated organosilica nanoparticles.

This study comprises the comprehensive toxicological assessment of thiolated organosilica nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised from 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS). We investigated the influence of three different types of nanoparticles synthesised from 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane: the starting thiolated silica (Si-NP-SH) and their derivatives prepared by surface PEGylation with PEG 750 (Si-NP-PEG750) and 5000 Da (Si-NP-PEG5000) on biological subjects from in vitro to in vivo experiments to explore the possible applications of those nanoparticles in biomedical research. As a result of this study, we generated a comprehensive understanding of the toxicological properties of these nanoparticles, including their cytotoxicity in different cell lines, hemolytic properties, in vitro localisation, mucosal irritation properties and biodistribution in BALB/c mice.

The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an Adv5/Adv26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation.

COVID-19 vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Although overall considered safe, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with rare but severe thrombotic events, occurring mainly in the context of adenoviral vectored vaccines. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state is needed to improve vaccine safety profile.

Co-administration of FVIII with IVIG reduces immune response to FVIII in hemophilia A mice.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive congenital bleeding disorder. Exogenous infusion of FVIII is the treatment of choice, and the development of immunoglobulins against FVIII (inhibitors) remains the major challenge in clinical management of the disease. Here, we investigated the effect of co-administration of FVIII with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the development of inhibitors in previously untreated hemophilia A mice.

Sustained Delivery of a Monoclonal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 by Microencapsulated Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is a promising antiviral intervention for Coronovirus disease (COVID-19) with a potential for both treatment and prophylaxis. However, a major barrier to implementing mAb therapies in clinical practice is the intricate nature of mAb preparation and delivery. Therefore, here, in a pre-clinical model, we explored the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mAb delivery using a mAb-expressing encapsulated cell system.