Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.

Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.

Parkinson disease-associated toxic exposures selectively upregulate vesicular glutamate transporter vGlut2 in a model of human cortical neurons.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by both motor and cognitive features. Motor symptoms primarily involve midbrain dopaminergic neurons, while cognitive dysfunction involves cortical neurons. Environmental factors are important contributors to PD risk.

Challenges in Implementing Comprehensive Precision Medicine Screening for Ovarian Cancer.

Precision medicine has revolutionised targeted cancer treatments; however, its implementation in ovarian cancer remains challenging. Diverse tumour biology and extensive heterogeneity in ovarian cancer can limit the translatability of genetic profiling and contribute to a lack of biomarkers of treatment response. This review addresses the barriers in precision medicine for ovarian cancer, including obtaining adequate and representative tissue samples for analysis, developing functional and standardised screening methods, and navigating data infrastructure and management.

Evaluating the impact of a tertiary multidisciplinary meeting in metastatic breast cancer: A prospective study.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) guidelines recommend multidisciplinary meetings (MDM), but there is limited research on their impact. This prospective study examines the impact of an mBC MDM on management plans, their implementation rate, and costs and benefits at an Australian metropolitan breast cancer center.

Methods: Consecutive mBC MDM patients were enrolled.

Variation in initial biopsy technique for primary melanoma diagnosis: A population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Factors associated with nonadherence to guideline-recommended complete excision of suspicious cutaneous lesions are unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze patient, melanoma, and clinician factors associated with initial diagnostic biopsy type and determine whether unwarranted variation from guidelines occurred.

Methods: This population-based, cohort study involved the analysis of data from questionnaires completed by clinicians who managed patients with newly diagnosed, histopathologically confirmed primary invasive cutaneous melanomas reported to the New South Wales Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2007.