Using humor in systematic desensitization to reduce fear.

Effectiveness of systematic desensitization for fear reduction, using humorous hierarchy scenes without relaxation, was tested. Participants were 40 students highly fearful of spiders. Using a 24-item behavioral approach test with an American tarantula, participants were matched on fear level and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (a) systematic desensitization, (b) humor desensitization, and (c) untreated controls.

The effect of laboratory colonization on the vector-pathogen interactions of Egyptian Culex pipiens and Rift Valley fever virus.

Field and laboratory findings implicated Culex pipiens as a vector of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus during the 1977-1978 epizootics/epidemics in Egypt. This study evaluated changes in infection and transmission rates, and viral titers in F1 through F16 generation Cx. pipiens mosquitoes orally infected with RVF virus.

Adjuvant effects of low doses of a nuclease-resistant derivative of polyinosinic acid . polycytidylic acid on antibody responses of monkeys to inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine.

Polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I).poly(C)] stabilized with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLC)] has been previously shown to be a compound with marked adjuvant activity when given in high doses with inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine.