Impact of spectral features of common LED lighting systems on TM-30 color indices.

We examine the difference between the newly developed IES TM-30 color indices and some of the most common previously established color indices for LED systems which are used for lighting purposes, focusing on the influence of realistic spectral variations among different system designs and manufacturing runs. We find a significantly stronger influence of the employed blue InGaN wavelength on TM-30 R and R than on CRI R and FCI. In addition, for the established combination of green converted InGaN chips with red InGaAlP chips, we observe large differences in the effect of the wavelength of the red emission of InGaAlP chips on R and R.

Remote detection of rhizomania in sugar beets.

ABSTRACT As a prelude to remote sensing of rhizomania, hyper-spectral leaf reflectance and multi-spectral canopy reflectance were used to study the physiological differences between healthy sugar beets and beets infested with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus. This study was conducted over time in the presence of declining nitrogen levels. Total leaf nitrogen was significantly lower in symptomatic beets than in healthy beets.

Characteristics of Beet Soilborne Mosaic Virus, a Furo-like Virus Infecting Sugar Beet.

Beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV) is a rigid rod-shaped virus transmitted by Polymyxa betae. Particles were 19 nm wide and ranged from 50 to over 400 nm, but no consistent modal lengths could be determined. Nucleic acids extracted from virions were polyadenylated and typically separated into three or four discrete bands of variable size by agarose-formaldehyde gel electrophoresis.

[Karl Sudhoff's contribution and position to history of stomatology].

Among the few German medicohistorians of the 19th and the early 20th century contributing essentially to the formation of history of stomatology and to its methodologic and cognitive progress. Karl Sudhoff was the most eminent one. He was already very early aware of the full responsibility for stomatology--transferred with the stomatologie examination regulations in 1909--as a task relevant also for his special branch.