Collaborative Recall and the Construction of Collective Memory Organization: The Impact of Group Structure.

Collaborative recall synchronizes downstream individual retrieval processes, giving rise to collective organization. However, little is known about whether particular stimulus features (e.g.

Collective memory: Collaborative recall synchronizes what and how people remember.

Memory researchers and theorists have long advanced the idea that the manner in which information is retrieved is critical. The way retrieval unfolds provides critical insights into how memories are organized and accessed-an important aspect of memory missed by focusing only on quantity. Cognitive studies of memory in social contexts, deploying the collaborative memory paradigm, have also noted the importance of such retrieval organization.

Apelin Regulates Nuclear Factor-κB's Involvement in the Inflammatory Response of Pancreatitis.

Objectives: Inflammation plays a key role in pancreatitis. Earlier studies from our laboratory showed that experimental pancreatitis activated the pancreatic apelin-APJ axis robustly in mice. Apelin signaling reduced neutrophil invasion and the activation of pancreatic nuclear factor (NF)-κB in mice with experimental pancreatitis.

Induction of chronic pancreatitis by pancreatic duct ligation activates BMP2, apelin, and PTHrP expression in mice.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a devastating disease with no treatments. Experimental models have been developed to reproduce the parenchyma and inflammatory responses typical of human CP. For the present study, one objective was to assess and compare the effects of pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) to those of repetitive cerulein (Cer)-induced CP in mice on pancreatic production of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), apelin, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).

Gremlin is a key pro-fibrogenic factor in chronic pancreatitis.

Unlabelled: The current study aims to identify the pro-fibrogenic role of Gremlin, an endogenous antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in chronic pancreatitis (CP). CP is a highly debilitating disease characterized by progressive pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis that ultimately leads to exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. While transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a known key pro-fibrogenic factor in CP, the TGF-β superfamily member BMPs exert an anti-fibrogenic function in CP as reported by our group recently.