Physicochemical, medicinal chemistry, and ADMET characteristics of bee antimicrobial peptides as natural bio-preservatives to extend food shelf life: a roadmap for food safety regulation.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gaining popularity as potential substitutes for conventional antibiotics and bio-preservatives in response to an increase in antimicrobial resistance cases. However, their poor pharmacokinetic profiles limit their applicability. This study using ADMETlab, OECD QSAR toolbox, and VEGA HUB virtual environments profiled 82 peptide sequences of seven bee antimicrobial peptides (BAMPs: abaecin, apamin, apisimin, apidaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin, and melittin) using 81 descriptors combining physicochemical, medicinal chemistry, ADMET, and toxicophore criteria.

Effects of chronic CuNPs treatment followed by termination for two spermatogenic cycles in the testicular functions of mice.

The present study investigated the possible effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) after discontinuing treatment on testicular activity in a mouse model. The male mice were given continuous CuNPs treatment for 70 days and left untreated for 70 days. The results show that even after the discontinuation of CuNPs treatment, the testicular impairment was persistent till 140 days at a higher dose (200 mg/kg group).

Hyperandrogenemia elevates expression of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the mice pituitary.

Hyperandrogenemia is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and imbalances in the pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Apelin and its receptor, APJ (class A, rhodopsin-like G- protein-coupled receptor), belongs to adipokines, and its expression has been shown in the pituitary. It is also well known that, hyperandrogenism and PCOS have deregulation of different adipokines.