Infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices and how to improve transvenous lead extraction by the virtual reality.

Introduction: Infections in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are increasing over time and associated with substantially mortality and healthcare costs. The best approach is the complete removal of the system by transvenous lead extraction (TLE). However, when leads are more than 10 years old, this technique requires considerable expertise and failures with the result of abandoned leads or serious complications may occur.

3D Printing of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Involving Eloquent Cortical Areas and Subcortical Functional Pathways: Technical Note.

Background: Surgical resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) involving cortical eloquent areas and subcortical functional pathways represents a challenge in neurosurgery. Patient-specific, 3-dimensional (3D)-printed models of head and brain structures have emerged in recent years as an educational and clinical tool for patients, doctors, and surgical residents.

Methods: Using multimodal high-definition magnetic resonance imaging data, which incorporates information from specific task-based functional neuroimaging and diffusion tensor imaging tractography and rapid prototyping technologies with specialized software and "in-house" 3D printing, we were able to generate 3D-printed head models that were used for preoperative patient education and consultation, surgical planning, and resident training in 2 complicated DLGG surgeries.