Hysteresis stabilizes dynamic control of self-assembled army ant constructions.

Biological systems must adjust to changing external conditions, and their resilience depends on their control mechanisms. How is dynamic control implemented in noisy, decentralized systems? Army ants' self-assembled bridges are built on unstable features, like leaves, which frequently move. Using field experiments and simulations, we characterize the bridges' response as the gaps they span change in size, identify the control mechanism, and explore how this emerges from individuals' decisions.

Endovascular Treatment of an Abdominal Aortic FALSE Aneurysm with a Very Narrow Distal Aorta and Aortic Lumen Using an Iliac Branch Device.

Introduction: A narrow distal aorta (NDA) makes endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) challenging and prone to immediate and late complications. We describe a case of an abdominal aortic false aneurysm (AAFA) with an NDA and iliac occlusive disease that was treated by an iliac branch device (IBD) placed at the aortic bifurcation.

Case Report: A 76-year-old male patient suffering from severe bilateral calf claudication presented to our clinic.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Lebanon a report of four cases: case series and review.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis comprises a complex of vector-borne diseases, caused by more than 20 species of the protozoan genus Leishmania, and ranging from localized skin ulcers to lethal systemic disease. It is endemic in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Mediterranean region. In the Middle East countries like Syria reports high incidence of the disease.