Antecedent and persistent symptoms in COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses: Insights from prospectively collected data in the BRACE trial.

Background: Some individuals have a persistence of symptoms following both COVID-19 (post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; PACS) and other viral infections. This study used prospectively collected data from an international trial to compare symptoms following COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illness, to identify factors associated with the risk of PACS, and to explore symptom patterns before and after COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory illnesses.

Methods: Data from a multicentre randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial) involving healthcare workers across four countries were analysed.

Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.

Background: The bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory "off-target" effects that have been hypothesized to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).

Methods: In this international, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned health care workers to receive the BCG-Denmark vaccine or saline placebo and followed them for 12 months. Symptomatic Covid-19 and severe Covid-19, the primary outcomes, were assessed at 6 months; the primary analyses involved the modified intention-to-treat population, which was restricted to participants with a negative test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at baseline.

Complementary and Allergenic Food Introduction in Infants: An Umbrella Review.

Background: Multiple systematic reviews examine the introduction of foods in relation to individual health outcomes, but the balance of harms and benefits has not been overviewed systematically.

Objectives: We aimed to perform an overview of systematic reviews on age of introduction of complementary and allergenic foods to the infant diet and long and short-term health outcomes.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed (July 25, 2022).

Effect of additional water supply during grain filling on protein composition and epitope characteristics of winter oats.

Pure oats in gluten-free diets (GFD) represent important nutritional benefits for people suffering from celiac disease (CD). However, oat cultivars do not contain the typical CD-related wheat gliadin analog polypeptides. Emerging evidence suggests that oat cultivars containing gluten-like epitopes in avenin sequences may pose potential health risks for celiac patients in rare cases, depending on the individual's susceptibility.

Association Between Earlier Introduction of Peanut and Prevalence of Peanut Allergy in Infants in Australia.

Importance: Randomized clinical trials showed that earlier peanut introduction can prevent peanut allergy in select high-risk populations. This led to changes in infant feeding guidelines in 2016 to recommend early peanut introduction for all infants to reduce the risk of peanut allergy.

Objective: To measure the change in population prevalence of peanut allergy in infants after the introduction of these new guidelines and evaluate the association between early peanut introduction and peanut allergy.