New pricing models for generic medicines to ensure long-term sustainable competition in Europe.

Price erosion of generic medicines over time as a result of existing pricing policies in combination with increasing operational costs of these products due to high inflation, undermine long-term sustainable competition in European off-patent medicines markets. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify new potential pricing models for retail generic medicines in Europe, examine their pros and cons, and illustrate them with examples inside or outside the pharmaceutical sector. A targeted literature review, one-to-one interviews and a joint advisory board meeting with experts from five European countries were carried out to assess potential pricing models for generic medicines.

Interactions of Antiretroviral Drugs with Food, Beverages, Dietary Supplements, and Alcohol: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

Multiple factors may affect combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We investigated the impact of food, beverages, dietary supplements, and alcohol on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of 33 antiretroviral drugs. Systematic review in adherence to PRISMA guidelines was performed, with 109 reports of 120 studies included.

Exploring barriers and facilitators to pharmacist-provided diabetes self-management education and support.

Background: Pharmacists have the necessary clinical experience and medication knowledge to effectively provide diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES); however, barriers exist to DSMES implementation by community pharmacists.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore DSMES from the community pharmacists' perspectives, identify barriers and facilitators to pharmacist DSMES implementation, and guide development of pharmacist-provided DSMES programs in Idaho.

Methods: Implementation climate, the theoretical framework for this project, is focused on how community pharmacists in Idaho perceive they will be supported by patients, health care providers, and insurers in DSMES implementation.

The impact of point defects in n-type GaN layers on thermal decomposition of InGaN/GaN QWs.

The aim of this paper is to give an experimental evidence that point defects (most probably gallium vacancies) induce decomposition of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) at high temperatures. In the experiment performed, we implanted GaN:Si/sapphire substrates with helium ions in order to introduce a high density of point defects. Then, we grew InGaN QWs on such substrates at temperature of 730 °C, what caused elimination of most (but not all) of the implantation-induced point defects expanding the crystal lattice.

Pharmacotherapy of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a brief review of current status and future perspectives.

The 2014 outbreak clearly showed that Ebola viruses (EBOV) remain a substantial threat for public health. The mainstay of management of patients with Ebola disease is isolation of patients and use of strict barrier nursing procedures; the present treatment strategies are mainly symptomatic and supportive (fluid resuscitation, antypyretics, antidiarrheal drugs). Currently, there is no approved therapy for Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), however several advanced treatment options were tested in animal models (on non-human primates or rodents).