Multiple pathways coordinating reprogramming of endothelial cells into osteoblasts by BMP4.

Cell type transition occurs during normal development and under pathological conditions. In prostate cancer bone metastasis, prostate cancer-secreted BMP4 induces endothelial cell-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition. Such tumor-induced stromal reprogramming supports prostate cancer progression.

Radium-223 Treatment Increases Immune Checkpoint Expression in Extracellular Vesicles from the Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Microenvironment.

Purpose: Radium-223 prolongs survival in a fraction of men with bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, there are no markers for monitoring response and resistance to Radium-223 treatment. Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication and may reflect response of the bone microenvironment to Radium-223 treatment.

Correction: Therapeutic targeting of Id2 reduces growth of human colorectal carcinoma in the murine liver.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.