Awake caudal anesthesia in ex-premature infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery: A narrative review.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the literature describing the use of caudal anesthetic-based techniques in premature and ex-premature infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

Methods: All available literature from inception to August 2023 was retrieved according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines from Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two authors reviewed all references for eligibility, abstracted data, and appraised quality.

Second infant spinal anesthetic: Incidence, dose modification, and adverse events after initial failure.

Introduction: Infant spinal anesthesia is an important technique in premature and ex-premature infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Previous studies of infant spinal anesthesia report high failure rates, but fail to adequately identify contributing factors. The aim of this study is to retrospectively review spinal anesthetics from a quaternary anesthetic centre to determine overall spinal failure rate, incidence of second spinal attempts and adverse events associated with a second spinal anesthetic.

Prediction of Early Postoperative Pain in Infants Undergoing Primary Cleft Palate Repair.

Objective: Identification of at risk patients before surgery could facilitate improved clinical communication, care pathways and postoperative pain management.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed in all infants who had undergone cleft palate repair.

Setting: Tertiary Institutional.

Levobupivacaine plasma concentrations following repeat caudal anesthetics.

Aim: A single caudal anesthetic at the start of lower abdominal surgery is unlikely to provide prolonged analgesia. A second caudal at the end of the procedure extends the analgesia duration but total plasma concentrations may be associated with toxicity. Our aim was to measure total plasma levobupivacaine concentrations after repeat caudal anesthesia in infants and to generate a pharmacokinetic model for prediction of plasma concentrations after repeat caudal anesthesia in neonates, infants and children.

Pediatric lower limb peripheral nerve blocks: Indications, effectiveness, and the incidence of adverse events.

Aim: While the proportion of pediatric anesthetics with regional anesthesia in pediatric patients has steadily increased, there are only a few series that describe the use of lower limb peripheral nerve blocks in children. Our aim was to describe the indications, anesthetic approach, and complications associated with lower limb blocks in children undergoing orthopedic surgery in a center with a large caseload of complex patients.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, we reviewed children who had a peripheral nerve block for orthopedic surgery placed between January 2016 and January 2021 at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne.