Immunological findings of West Caucasian bat virus in an accidental host.

Unlabelled: The genus includes seventeen viral species able to cause rabies, an acute and almost invariably fatal encephalomyelitis of mammals. Rabies virus (RABV), which represents the type species of the genus, is a multi-host pathogen that over the years has undergone multiple events of host-switching, thus occupying several geographical and ecological niches. In contrast, non-RABV lyssaviruses are mainly confined within a single natural host with rare spillover events.

PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 mRNA In Situ Expression by Canine Oral Melanoma Cells and Immune Cells of the Tumour Microenvironment.

Canine oral melanoma (OM) exhibits poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in human melanoma has driven interest in similar therapeutic approaches in the dog, although the immunosuppressive mechanisms adopted by canine OM remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the immune checkpoints PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) in canine OM, to investigate their expression pattern and explore their potential role in melanoma progression.

Predictive value of RNAscope hybridization and p53 immunohistochemistry for mutational status in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

mutations are associated with short survival and poor treatment response in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL). The expression of by RNAscope hybridization and p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated in 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cDLBCL, to assess their correlation with mutational status and to evaluate their prognostic value. was detected in all samples by RNAscope.

Host Response of Syrian Hamster to SARS-CoV-2 Infection including Differences with Humans and between Sexes.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of having proper tools and models to study the pathophysiology of emerging infectious diseases to test therapeutic protocols, assess changes in viral phenotypes, and evaluate the effects of viral evolution. This study provided a comprehensive characterization of the Syrian hamster () as an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection using different approaches (description of clinical signs, viral load, receptor profiling, and host immune response) and targeting four different organs (lungs, intestine, brain, and PBMCs). Our data showed that both male and female hamsters were susceptible to the infection and developed a disease similar to the one observed in patients with COVID-19 that included moderate to severe pulmonary lesions, inflammation, and recruitment of the immune system in the lungs and at the systemic level.

Enteritidis Fatal Septicemia with Meningoencephalitis in a Tiger () Cub.

A 15-day-old, female, captive cub was hospitalized after developing severe hyperthermia, depression, and lack of appetite. The clinical condition rapidly worsened, and the tiger cub died in 72 h after the onset of neurological symptoms, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The postmortem main gross findings consisted of a severe and diffuse bilateral fibrino-suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis, mild fibrinous and sero-hemorrhagic polyserositis and cystitis, severe pulmonary edema, and hemorrhages.