Pulmonary consequences of experimentally induced stroke: differences between global and focal cerebral ischemia.

Introduction: Cerebral ischemia leads to multiple organ dysfunctions, with the lungs among the most severely affected. Although adverse pulmonary consequences contribute significantly to reduced life expectancy after stroke, the impact of global or focal cerebral ischemia on respiratory mechanical parameters remains poorly understood.

Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to undergo surgery to induce permanent global cerebral ischemia (2VO) or focal cerebral ischemia (MCAO), or to receive a sham operation (SHAM).

Relationships between capnogram parameters by mainstream and sidestream techniques at different breathing frequencies.

Capnography, routinely used in operating rooms and intensive care units, reveals essential information on lung ventilation and ventilation-perfusion matching. Mainstream capnography directly measures CO in the breathing circuit for accurate analysis and is considered a reference technique. Sidestream capnography, however, analyzes gas away from the patient leading to potentially less accurate measures.

Individual benefit in heart sparing during DIBH-supported left breast radiotherapy.

Introduction: Deep-inspirational breath hold (DIBH) is an option for heart protection in breast radiotherapy; we intended to study its individual benefit.

Materials And Methods: 3DCRT treatment planning was performed in a cohort of 103 patients receiving radiotherapy of the whole breast (WBI)/chest wall (CWI) ± nodal regions (NI) both under DIBH and free breathing (FB) in the supine position, and in the WBI only cases prone (n = 45) position, too. A series of patient-related and heart dosimetry parameters were analyzed.

Changes in lung mechanics and ventilation-perfusion match: comparison of pulmonary air- and thromboembolism in rats.

Background: Pulmonary air embolism (AE) and thromboembolism lead to severe ventilation-perfusion defects. The spatial distribution of pulmonary perfusion dysfunctions differs substantially in the two pulmonary embolism pathologies, and the effects on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and ventilation-perfusion match have not been compared within a study. Therefore, we compared changes in indices reflecting airway and respiratory tissue mechanics, gas exchange, and capnography when pulmonary embolism was induced by venous injection of air as a model of gas embolism or by clamping the main pulmonary artery to mimic severe thromboembolism.