Hyponatremia in patients undergoing CAPD: role of water gain and/or malnutrition.

Background: Hyponatremia has a number of different causes; some may have serious untoward implications for patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Objective: To determine the pathophysiology of hyponatremia in patients on CAPD.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 210 patients on CAPD.

A physiological analysis of hyponatremia: implications for patients on peritoneal dialysis.

The basis for hyponatremia is a negative balance for sodium (Na+) plus potassium (K+) and/or a positive balance for water. In patients with normal renal function, vasopressin is needed to prevent the excretion of electrolyte-free water. Vasopressin is not important when there is little residual renal function.

Image-guided insertion of the Uldall tunneled hemodialysis catheter: technical success and clinical follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the technical success, complication rates, and survival time of the Uldall double-lumen catheter placed by interventional radiologists in patients presenting to a hemodialysis clinic.

Materials And Methods: Patients eligible for this study included those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who had failed peripheral vascular access or who were awaiting access at a hemodialysis unit between June 1993 and March 1996. All catheters were placed under fluoroscopic and ultrasound guidance in the angiography suite.

Percutaneously inserted silastic jugular hemodialysis catheters seldom cause jugular vein thrombosis.

To find out whether internal jugular vein cannulation with a soft silastic hemodialysis access catheter causes jugular vein thrombosis, the authors carried out Doppler ultrasound examinations on 96 patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone 144 separate catheter insertion episodes in 116 veins. Two internal jugular vein thromboses were found in 101 veins that had been the site of percutaneous insertions only. In addition, 5 internal jugular vein thromboses were identified in 15 veins that had been cannulated surgically with the Quinton PermCath.