Fibrosis, characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, contributes to both organ failure and significant mortality worldwide. Whereas fibroblasts are activated into myofibroblasts, marked by phenotypic factors such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), periostin, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), the cellular processes of trans-differentiation for fibrosis development remain poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesised that the molecular signalling of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a crucial biochemical molecule for protein prenylation, is essential in the regulation of profibrotic mechanisms for fibroblast-to-myofibroblast activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTreatment and management outcomes or patients with atopic dermatitis has significantly improved with the inclusion of dupilumab into the pharmaceutical benefits scheme, as a safe and effective treatment. Ocular surface disease remains one of the most frequent adverse events seen with dupilumab, and impacts quality of life and can interrupt treatment. This retrospective review aims to further characterise the experience and risk factors of dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease to inform management and support long-term use for patients, improving overall treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The literature shows conflicting results regarding inter- and intra-rater reliability, even for the same movement screen. The purpose of this study was to assess inter- and intra-rater reliability of movement scores within and between sessions of expert assessors and the effects of body-shape on reliability during a movement screen using a custom online visualisation software.
Methods: Kinematic data from 542 athletes performing seven movement tasks were used to create animations (i.