Predictors of perforation during lead extraction: Results of the Canadian Lead ExtrAction Risk (CLEAR) study.

Background: Transvenous lead extraction can have serious adverse events, such as cardiac or vascular perforation. Risk factors have not been well characterized.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with perforation and death, and to characterize lead extraction in a large contemporary population.

Classification and Surgical Repair of Injuries Sustained During Transvenous Lead Extraction.

Background: Injuries to cardiac and venous structures during pacemaker and defibrillator lead extraction are serious complications that have been studied poorly. The incidence of these injuries is unknown but likely underestimated. No systematic multicenter review of these injuries or their management has been undertaken.

Clinical experience with pacemaker pulse generators and transvenous leads: an 8-year prospective multicenter study.

Background: Pacemakers have improved the lives of patients worldwide. Unfortunately, the medical community has had little independent information regarding the performance of these vital medical devices.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons pacemaker pulse generators and transvenous leads were removed from service.