The Bacterial Cell Wall Components Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan Initiate Divergent Local Tissue and Systemic Inflammatory Response Profiles in the Chicken Model.

The innate immune system plays an important role in the defense against pathogens, whereby the ability to rapidly mount an effective inflammatory response is critical in the elimination/containment of the infection. To better understand the nature of the inflammatory responses to bacterial components in chickens, we used the growing feather (GF) cutaneous bioassay together with blood sampling to examine the local and systemic inflammatory responses initiated by intradermal (i.d.

Local Inflammatory and Systemic Antibody Responses Initiated by a First Intradermal Administration of Autogenous -Killed Vaccines and Their Components in Pullets.

Vaccination strategies are used to manage in chickens. -killed vaccines are considered safer since they are inactivated. However, little is known regarding the cellular immune activities at the site of vaccine administration of -killed vaccines.

Cage-Free Pullets Minimally Affected by Stocking Density Stressors.

Management choices during the pullet phase can affect behavior, welfare, and health later in life, but few studies have evaluated the pullet phase, particularly in extensive housing systems. This study was a 2 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two strains and two stocking densities. The Lohmann LB-Lite and Lohmann LSL-Lite were housed on the floor at high-stocking density (619-670 cm/bird) and low-stocking density (1249-1352 cm/bird), which changed with age from 2 to 16 weeks of age (WOA).

Spontaneous immunological activities in the target tissue of vitiligo-prone Smyth and vitiligo-susceptible Brown lines of chicken.

Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired de-pigmentation disorder characterized by the post-natal loss of epidermal melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) resulting in the appearance of white patches in the skin. The Smyth chicken is the only model for vitiligo that shares all the characteristics of the human condition including: spontaneous post-natal loss of epidermal melanocytes, interactions between genetic, environmental and immunological factors, and associations with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, an avian model for vitiligo has the added benefit of an easily accessible target tissue (a growing feather) that allows for the repeated sampling of an individual and thus the continuous monitoring of local immune responses over time.

The Immuno-Suppressive Effects of Cyclic, Environmental Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Local and Systemic Inflammatory Responses to an Intradermal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide.

To assess effects of environmental heat stress (HS) on the local and systemic inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), broilers were reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Thermoneutral temperatures followed commercial production settings, with HS broilers exposed to 35 °C for 14 h/day from 4 days onward. At 37 days, HS- and TN-broilers were assigned to either LPS (100 μg/mL) or endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; vehicle) treatments, eight each to HS- and TN-LPS, four each to HS- and TN-PBS.