Cross-neutralization of distant coronaviruses correlates with Spike S2-specific antibodies from immunocompetent and immunocompromised vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.

As of May 2023, the public health emergency of COVID-19 was lifted across the globe. However, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to be recorded worldwide. This situation has been attributed to the ability of the virus to evade host immune responses including neutralizing antibody-derived Immunity.

Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance.

In a subset of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals treated with the oral antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the virus rebounds following treatment. The mechanisms driving this rebound are not well understood. We used a mathematical model to describe the longitudinal viral load dynamics of 51 individuals treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, 20 of whom rebounded.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Resistance After Antiviral Treatment.

Importance: Previous studies have identified mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains that confer resistance to nirmatrelvir, yet how often this resistance arises and its association with posttreatment virologic rebound is not well understood.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of emergent antiviral resistance after nirmatrelvir treatment and its association with virologic rebound.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study enrolled outpatient adults with acute COVID-19 infection from May 2021 to October 2023.

Pharmacological characterization of sex differences in the effects of dopaminergic drugs on effort-based decision making in rats.

Rationale: Motivational dysfunctions related to effort exertion are common in psychiatric disorders. Dopamine systems regulate exertion of effort and effort-based choice in humans and rodents.

Objectives: Previous rodent studies mainly employed male rats, and it is imperative to conduct studies in male and female rats.