Temminck pangolins relax the precision of body temperature regulation when resources are scarce in a semi-arid environment.

Climate change is impacting mammals both directly (for example, through increased heat) and indirectly (for example, through altered food resources). Understanding the physiological and behavioural responses of mammals in already hot and dry environments to fluctuations in the climate and food availability allows for a better understanding of how they will cope with a rapidly changing climate. We measured the body temperature of seven Temminck's pangolins () in the semi-arid Kalahari for periods of between 4 months and 2 years.

Optical analysis of glutamate spread in the neuropil.

Fast synaptic communication uses diffusible transmitters whose spread is limited by uptake mechanisms. However, on the submicron-scale, the distance between two synapses, the extent of glutamate spread has so far remained difficult to measure. Here, we show that quantal glutamate release from individual hippocampal synapses activates extracellular iGluSnFr molecules at a distance of >1.

Rapid emergence of resistance to antiretroviral treatment after undisclosed prior exposure: A case report.

Introduction: Patients who disengaged from care may present as therapy naïve for antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation at a different site, without being recognised as being at an increased risk of rapid treatment failure and HIV drug resistance.

Patient Presentation: A 43-year-old woman, who gave no prior history of ART, was initiated on a standard first-line regimen of TDF, FTC and EFV. She had a poor response to treatment with evidence of treatment failure at 12 months.

Persistence of HIV drug resistance among South African children given nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child-transmission.

Objectives: We set out to examine the prevalence and persistence of mutations conferring high-level nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI)-resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected children who had failed prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT).

Design: A prospective observational cohort study at the Pediatric HIV Clinic at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa.

Methods: Children referred for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were enrolled from July 2010 through February 2013.