5-Hydroxymethylfurfural reduces skeletal muscle superoxide production and modifies force production in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia.

Decreased blood-tissue oxygenation at high altitude (HA) increases mitochondrial oxidant production and reduces exercise capacity. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an antioxidant that increases hemoglobin's binding affinity for oxygen. For these reasons, we hypothesized that 5-HMF would improve muscle performance in rats exposed to a simulated HA of ~5500 m.

Exogenous ketone salts inhibit superoxide production in the rat caudal solitary complex during exposure to normobaric and hyperbaric hyperoxia.

The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in hyperbaric and undersea medicine is limited by the risk of seizures [i.e., central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity, CNS-OT] resulting from increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CNS.

Cardiovascular Parameters in a Swine Model of Normobaric Hypoxia Treated With 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (5-HMF).

Introduction: The consequences of low partial pressure of O include low arterial O saturations (SaO), low blood O content (CaO), elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and decreased O consumption VO. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) binds to the N-terminal valine of hemoglobin (HgB) and increases its affinity to O. We used an instrumented, sedated swine model to study the effect of 5-HMF on cardiovascular parameters during exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia (NH).

CNS function and dysfunction during exposure to hyperbaric oxygen in operational and clinical settings.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is breathed during hyperbaric oxygen therapy and during certain undersea pursuits in diving and submarine operations. What limits exposure to HBO in these situations is the acute onset of central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) following a latent period of safe oxygen breathing. CNS-OT presents as various non-convulsive signs and symptoms, many of which appear to be of brainstem origin involving cranial nerve nuclei and autonomic and cardiorespiratory centers, which ultimately spread to higher cortical centers and terminate as generalized tonic-clonic seizures.