ALK+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)-Derived Exosomes Carry ALK Signaling Proteins and Interact with Tumor Microenvironment.

The oncogenic pathways activated by the NPM-ALK chimeric kinase of ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are well characterized; however, the potential interactions of ALK signaling with the microenvironment are not yet known. Here we report that ALK+ ALCL-derived exosomes contain critical components of ALK signaling as well as CD30, and that exosome uptake by lymphoid cells led to increased proliferation and expression of critical antiapoptotic proteins by the recipient cells. The bone marrow fibroblasts highly uptake ALK+ ALCL-derived exosomes and acquire a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype.

lncRNA is consistently detected in breastmilk exosomes and its expression is downregulated in mothers of preterm infants.

Breast milk is the ideal food for infants and undoubtedly has immediate and long‑term benefits. Breast milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) i.e.

Challenges to Evidence Synthesis and Identification of Data Gaps in Human Biomonitoring.

The increasing number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies undertaken in recent decades has brought to light the need to harmonise procedures along all phases of the study, including sampling, data collection and analytical methods to allow data comparability. The first steps towards harmonisation are the identification and collation of HBM methodological information of existing studies and data gaps. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have been traditionally put at the top of the hierarchy of evidence, being increasingly applied to map available evidence on health risks linked to exposure to chemicals.

"Diabetic nephropathy" in a non-diabetic patient.

Kimmelstiel and Wilson originally described nodular glomerulosclerosis as the pathognomonic lesion of diabetic nephropathy. Nevertheless, nodular glomerulosclerosis pattern can rarely occur in non-diabetic patients. In such cases, the differential diagnosis includes membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, light or heavy chain deposition disease, amyloidosis, fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis and chronic hypoxic or ischemic conditions.

Periostin is identified as a putative metastatic marker in breast cancer-derived exosomes.

Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most frequent cancer type in women and a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world. Despite the decrease in mortality due to better diagnostics and palliative care, there is a lack of prognostic markers of metastasis. Recently, the exploitation of liquid biopsies and in particular of the extracellular vesicles has shown promise in the identification of such prognostic markers.