Enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 RNA system delivery using cell penetrating peptides-based nanoparticles for efficient in vitro and in vivo applications.

CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as a revolutionary gene-editing tool with huge therapeutic potential for addressing the underlying genetic causes of various diseases, including cancer. However, there are challenges such as the delivery method that must be overcome for its clinical application. In addition to the risk of nuclease degradation and rapid clearance of the CRISPR-Cas9 system by macrophages, the large size of Cas9, the high anionic charge density and hydrophilic nature of the RNA hinder their intracellular delivery and overall gene transfection efficiency.

Development of an ontology to characterize mental functioning.

Purpose Of The Article: This article describes a conceptual and methodological approach to integrating functional information into an ontology to categorize mental functioning, which to date is an under-developed area of classification, and supports our work with the United States (U.S.) Social Security Administration (SSA).

Extracting body function information using rule-based methods: Highlighting structure and formatting challenges in clinical text.

This paper describes the identification of body function (BF) mentions within the clinical text within a large, national, heterogeneous corpus to highlight structural challenges presented by the clinical text. BF in clinical documents provides information on dysfunction or impairments in the function or structure of organ systems or organs. BF mentions are embedded in highly formatted structures where the formats include implied scoping boundaries that confound existing natural language processing segmentation and document decomposition techniques.

Ambiguity in medical concept normalization: An analysis of types and coverage in electronic health record datasets.

Objectives: Normalizing mentions of medical concepts to standardized vocabularies is a fundamental component of clinical text analysis. Ambiguity-words or phrases that may refer to different concepts-has been extensively researched as part of information extraction from biomedical literature, but less is known about the types and frequency of ambiguity in clinical text. This study characterizes the distribution and distinct types of ambiguity exhibited by benchmark clinical concept normalization datasets, in order to identify directions for advancing medical concept normalization research.