Integrating indicator-based and event-based surveillance data for risk mapping of West Nile virus, Europe, 2006 to 2021.

BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) has an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, humans being incidental dead-end hosts. Circulation of WNV is an increasing public health threat in Europe. While detection of WNV is notifiable in humans and animals in the European Union, surveillance based on human case numbers presents some limitations, including reporting delays.

Microbiota of the Digestive Glands and Extrapallial Fluids of Clams Evolve Differently Over Time Depending on the Intertidal Position.

The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is the second most exploited bivalve in the world but remains threatened by diseases and global changes. Their associated microbiota play a key role in their fitness and acclimation capacities. This study aimed at better understanding the behavior of clam digestive glands and extrapallial fluids microbiota at small, but contrasting spatial and temporal scales.

A more conservative technique for anterior mediastinal tracheostomy after sub-total resection of the trachea.

Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy (AMT) is a rare but challenging operation associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate mainly related to the invasiveness of the procedure. In order to provide a more conservative technique with a lower risk of major postoperative complications, we proposed: (1) to reduce the extent of chest wall resection to only a trapezoidal segment of the manubrium; (2) to use a simple pedicle pectoralis major flap instead of myocutaneous or omental flaps; and (3) to perform a simple relocation of the residual trachea (RT) below the brachiocephalic artery instead of artery ligation, percutaneous stent placement or replacement by cadaveric allograft. This technique was used in a patient with cancer recurrence at the cervical stoma after total laryngectomy.

Transient hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy.

The causes of transient hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery are not fully understood. In 95 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (n = 30), subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 14), or hemithyroidectomy (n = 51), we serially measured total calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and proteins before surgery and 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after surgery, and we calculated the corresponding ionized calcium levels. In the whole population, there was a statistically significant decrease of PTH, total calcium, and proteins at nearly every time of blood withdrawal, when compared with the preoperative levels.

[Our surgical experience of 20 extracochlear implantations on the oval window with transcutaneous approach].

While multichannel implants can produce far better results than single-channel implants, the results of a multichannel implantation are impossible to predict accurately preoperatively. Single-channel implants, which produce average and constant results, still have a major merit in that their cost is much lower. Since extracochlear implantation with transcutaneous approach is innocuous, we have been promoting this type of implantation as a temporary procedure until much more effective systems are found in the future, or as a definitive implantation.