Automatic layout and visualization of biclusters.

Background: Biclustering has emerged as a powerful algorithmic tool for analyzing measurements of gene expression. A number of different methods have emerged for computing biclusters in gene expression data. Many of these algorithms may output a very large number of biclusters with varying degrees of overlap.

Response diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes in elevated [CO2] in the field.

Free Air [CO(2)] Enrichment (FACE) allows for plant growth under fully open-air conditions of elevated [CO(2)] at concentrations expected to be reached by mid-century. We used Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0, Cvi-0, and WS to analyze changes in gene expression and metabolite profiles of plants grown in "SoyFACE" (http://www.soyface.

Immunoassay as an analytical tool in agricultural biotechnology.

Immunoassays for biotechnology engineered proteins are used by AgBiotech companies at numerous points in product development and by feed and food suppliers for compliance and contractual purposes. Although AgBiotech companies use the technology during product development and seed production, other stakeholders from the food and feed supply chains, such as commodity, food, and feed companies, as well as third-party diagnostic testing companies, also rely on immunoassays for a number of purposes. The primary use of immunoassays is to verify the presence or absence of genetically modified (GM) material in a product or to quantify the amount of GM material present in a product.

A simple clustering algorithm can be accurate enough for use in calculations of pKs in macromolecules.

Structure and function of macromolecules depend critically on the ionization states of their acidic and basic groups. Most current structure-based theoretical methods that predict pK of ionizable groups in macromolecules include, as one of the key steps, a computation of the partition sum (Boltzmann average) over all possible protonation microstates. As the number of these microstates depends exponentially on the number of ionizable groups present in the molecule, direct computation of the sum is not realistically feasible for many typical proteins that may have tens or even hundreds of ionizable groups.

Partial purification and characterization of bovine fibroblast interferon.

Bovine fibroblast interferon (BoF-IFN), produced in primary bovine embryonic kidney cell cultures after priming and infection with bluetongue virus, was purified by controlled pore glass (CPG) chromatography to a specific activity of 10(6) U/mg of protein, with 40% recovery of the original activity. The crude IFN was concentrated more than sevenfold during purification. This proved to be a relatively simple, practical method of obtaining sufficient quantities of partially purified natural BoF-IFN for further studies.