Digital transformation of major scientific meetings induced by the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the ESC 2020 annual congress.

As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) was forced to pivot the scientific programme of the ESC Congress 2021 into a totally new format for online consumption, . A variety of new suppliers were involved, including experts in TV studio, cloud infrastructure, online platforms, video management, and online analytics. An information technology platform able to support hundreds of thousands simultaneous connections was built and cloud computing technologies were put in place to help scale up and down the resources needed for the high number of users at peak times.

[Mechanisms of chronic cough pathophysiology].

Introduction: In some situations such as post-virus or post whooping cough, a non productive subacute cough may occur without apparent local inflammation, epithelium abnormalities or bronchoconstriction. This subacute or chronic cough represents a real syndrome (cough disease) due to the central nervous system (CNS) and its ortho and parasympathic outputs. At the CNS level, functional disturbancies and neosynaptogenesis can be described, with the intervention of the NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors.

The 5-HT2A receptor is widely distributed in the rat spinal cord and mainly localized at the plasma membrane of postsynaptic neurons.

Serotonin (5-HT) plays a major role at the spinal level by modulating most spinal functions through several receptor subtypes including the 5-HT2A receptor. To gain further insight into the cellular role of this receptor, we performed an immunocytochemical study of 5-HT2A receptors in the rat spinal cord, at light and electron microscope levels. The results showed that 5-HT2A receptors were widely distributed in the spinal cord at all segmental levels.

Plasticity of 5-hydroxytryptamine(1B) receptors during postnatal development in the rat visual cortex.

The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A and 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors in the visual cortex was studied by quantitative autoradiography during postnatal development. Overall, receptor densities increased throughout development, but exhibited regional rearrangements, particularly in the case of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors. Neonatal treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, which causes selective degeneration of serotoninergic neurons, had no effect on the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors in the visual cortex.

Serotonin1A receptors are expressed by a subpopulation of cholinergic neurons in the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca--a double immunocytochemical study.

The possible colocalization of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors and choline acetyltransferase in the same neurons of the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca was investigated using double immunocytochemical techniques, either on the same section or on adjacent thin sections of the rat brain. The presence of both antigens in the same neurons was demonstrated at the light and electron microscopic levels. The proportion of cholinergic neurons that express 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors was similar in the different parts of the septal complex (around 25%).